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Education2026-03-066 min read

Bone Spurs: What They Are, When They Matter, and What to Do About Them

What Are Bone Spurs?

Bone spurs (osteophytes) are bony projections that develop along the edges of bones. They form in response to stress, pressure, or degenerative changes—often near joints or where ligaments and tendons attach to bone.

The name is misleading—they're usually not sharp or pointy. They're more like bony lips or ridges.

Why Do Bone Spurs Form?

The Body's Attempt to Stabilize

When a joint experiences stress or instability, the body tries to increase surface area and create more stability by adding bone.

Common causes:

  • Osteoarthritis (most common)
  • Degenerative disc disease
  • Repetitive stress
  • Injuries
  • Aging
  • Genetics
  • Where They Form

  • Spine (vertebrae)
  • Shoulders
  • Hips
  • Knees
  • Feet (especially heels)
  • Hands
  • Do They Matter?

    The Important Truth

    Most bone spurs don't cause symptoms.

    It's common to have bone spurs on imaging that cause zero problems. Many people over 60 have them somewhere without knowing.

    When They Cause Problems

    Bone spurs may be symptomatic when they:

  • Press on nerves
  • Reduce joint space
  • Limit motion
  • Irritate surrounding tissue
  • Rub against other structures
  • Location Matters

    Spine:

  • Can narrow nerve passages (foraminal stenosis)
  • Can contribute to spinal stenosis
  • May cause radiculopathy
  • Shoulder:

  • Can contribute to impingement
  • May irritate rotator cuff
  • Heel:

  • Associated with plantar fasciitis
  • (But often not the actual pain cause)
  • Hip/Knee:

  • Part of osteoarthritis picture
  • Contribute to stiffness and pain
  • Symptoms (When Present)

    Depend on Location

    Spine:

  • Pain, stiffness
  • Radiating arm or leg pain (if nerve involved)
  • Numbness, tingling
  • Weakness (severe cases)
  • Joints:

  • Pain
  • Stiffness
  • Reduced range of motion
  • Swelling
  • Heel:

  • Heel pain (though often from fascia, not spur)
  • Diagnosis

    Imaging

    X-rays:

  • Show bone spurs clearly
  • First-line imaging
  • CT scan:

  • Better bone detail
  • Useful for surgical planning
  • MRI:

  • Shows soft tissue
  • Evaluates nerve compression
  • Assesses overall joint health
  • Remember

    Just because imaging shows spurs doesn't mean they're causing your symptoms. Correlation doesn't equal causation.

    Treatment

    No Treatment Needed (Most Cases)

    If spurs aren't causing symptoms, leave them alone. They don't need to be removed preventatively.

    Conservative Treatment (When Symptomatic)

    For joint-related spurs:

  • Activity modification
  • Weight management
  • Physical therapy
  • Strengthening and flexibility
  • NSAIDs for pain
  • Joint injections (if arthritis component)
  • For spine-related spurs:

  • Physical therapy
  • Posture work
  • Core strengthening
  • Epidural injections (if nerve involvement)
  • For heel spurs:

  • Stretching (calf, plantar fascia)
  • Orthotics
  • Night splints
  • Physical therapy
  • Often improves without addressing spur directly
  • Surgery (Rarely Needed)

    Indications:

  • Significant nerve compression
  • Failed conservative treatment (3-6+ months)
  • Progressive neurological deficit
  • Severe symptoms affecting quality of life
  • Options:

  • Spur removal
  • Decompression surgery
  • Joint replacement (if severe arthritis)
  • Living With Bone Spurs

    Focus on Function, Not Imaging

  • Your symptoms matter more than pictures
  • Many spurs are asymptomatic
  • Don't panic over imaging findings
  • Manage the Underlying Condition

  • If arthritis is the cause, treat the arthritis
  • Maintain joint health
  • Stay active within your limits
  • Prevention

    While you can't fully prevent age-related spurs:

  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Stay active
  • Protect joints from injury
  • Address joint problems early
  • Common Myths

    "Bone spurs need to be removed"

    Most don't. Only symptomatic ones that haven't responded to conservative treatment.

    "They're sharp and poking things"

    They're usually smooth and rounded, not spiky.

    "They keep growing forever"

    They tend to reach a certain size and stabilize.

    "Nothing can be done"

    Many symptomatic spurs respond well to conservative treatment.

    When to See a Doctor

  • New or worsening nerve symptoms (numbness, weakness)
  • Pain not responding to home treatment
  • Significant impact on daily activities
  • Concern about a new finding on imaging

  • Bone spurs are often feared more than they should be. They're a common finding as we age, and most don't cause problems. If yours are symptomatic, conservative treatment usually helps. Focus on maintaining joint health, staying active, and addressing symptoms rather than fixating on the imaging report.

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